The emergence of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) has transformed the landscape of safety assessment. ADSs, capable of controlling a vehicle without human intervention, represent a significant shift from traditional driver-centric approaches to vehicle safety. While traditional safety assessments rely on the assumption of a human driver in control, ADSs require a different approach that acknowledges the machine as the primary driver. Before market introduction, it is necessary to confirm the vehicle safety claimed by the manufacturer. The complexity of the systems necessitates a new comprehensive safety assessment that examines and validates the hazard identification and safety-by-design concepts and ensures that the ADS meets the relevant safety requirements throughout the vehicle lifecycle. The presented work aims to enhance the effectiveness of the assessment performed by a homologation service provider by using assessment templates based on refined requirement attributes that link to the operational design domain (ODD) and the use of Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), such as communication, positioning, and cybersecurity, in the implementation of ADSs. The refined requirement attributes can serve as safety-performance indicators to assist the evaluation of the design soundness of the ODD. The contributions of this paper are: (1) outlining a method for deriving assessment templates for use in future ADS assessments; (2) demonstrating the method by analysing three KETs with respect to such assessment templates; and (3) demonstrating the use of assessment templates on a use case, an unmanned (remotely assisted) truck in a limited ODD. By employing assessment templates tailored to the technology reliance of the identified use case, the evaluation process gained clarity through assessable attributes, assessment criteria, and functional scenarios linked to the ODD and KETs.
@article{KETAssessmentTemplates_mdpivehicles2023,
title = {Enhancing Safety Assessment of Automated Driving Systems with Key Enabling Technology Assessment Templates},
author = {Skoglund, Martin and Warg, Fredrik and Thorsén, Anders and Bergman, Mats},
year = {2023},
month = {12},
abstract = {The emergence of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) has transformed the landscape of
safety assessment. ADSs, capable of controlling a vehicle without human intervention, represent
a significant shift from traditional driver-centric approaches to vehicle safety. While traditional
safety assessments rely on the assumption of a human driver in control, ADSs require a different
approach that acknowledges the machine as the primary driver. Before market introduction, it
is necessary to confirm the vehicle safety claimed by the manufacturer. The complexity of the
systems necessitates a new comprehensive safety assessment that examines and validates the hazard
identification and safety-by-design concepts and ensures that the ADS meets the relevant safety
requirements throughout the vehicle lifecycle. The presented work aims to enhance the effectiveness
of the assessment performed by a homologation service provider by using assessment templates
based on refined requirement attributes that link to the operational design domain (ODD) and the
use of Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), such as communication, positioning, and cybersecurity, in
the implementation of ADSs. The refined requirement attributes can serve as safety-performance
indicators to assist the evaluation of the design soundness of the ODD. The contributions of this paper
are: (1) outlining a method for deriving assessment templates for use in future ADS assessments;
(2) demonstrating the method by analysing three KETs with respect to such assessment templates; and
(3) demonstrating the use of assessment templates on a use case, an unmanned (remotely assisted)
truck in a limited ODD. By employing assessment templates tailored to the technology reliance of the
identified use case, the evaluation process gained clarity through assessable attributes, assessment
criteria, and functional scenarios linked to the ODD and KETs.},
keywords = {safety assessment; operational design domain; automated driving; communication; connectivity; positioning; cybersecurity},
journal = {MDPI Vehicles},
doi = {10.3390/vehicles5040098},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2598050},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {1818-1843},
note = {Publication data: https://warg.org/fredrik/publ/}
}